What is Head & Neck Cancers?

Head and neck cancers are a group of cancers that develop in the tissues and organs of the head and neck region, including the mouth, throat, nose, sinuses, salivary glands, and larynx (voice box). These cancers are often grouped together because they share similar risk factors, symptoms, and treatment approaches.

Types of Head and Neck Cancers:

• Oral Cavity Cancer
• Pharyngeal Cancer
• Laryngeal Cancer
• Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer
• Salivary Gland Cancer

Symptoms:

• A Lump or Sore that Does Not Heal: In the mouth, throat, or neck.
• Persistent Sore Throat: Especially in cancers of the pharynx or larynx.
• Difficulty Swallowing: Dysphagia can be a symptom of cancers in the throat, larynx, or esophagus.
• Voice Changes: Hoarseness or voice changes may indicate laryngeal cancer.
• Ear Pain or Hearing Loss: Especially if associated with nasopharyngeal cancer.
• Nasal Obstruction or Persistent Nasal Congestion: May be related to nasal or sinus cancer.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Common in many types of cancer.
• Bleeding: Unexplained bleeding from the mouth or nose.

Staging:

Staging is based on the size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, and whether the cancer has spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body. The stages range from I (localized and small) to IV (advanced, with spread to other tissues or organs).