What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. It is also commonly referred to as colon cancer or rectal cancer, depending on where it starts. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer but can often be treated effectively when caught early.

Symptoms

Colorectal cancer may not always cause symptoms, especially in the early stages. However, as the cancer progresses, some common symptoms may include:

• Changes in Bowel Habits
• Blood in Stool
• Abdominal Discomfort
• Unexplained Weight Loss
• Fatigue and Weakness

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment of colorectal cancer. Several methods are used to diagnose CRC:

1. Screening Tests:

• Colonoscopy
• Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
• Stool DNA Test
• Sigmoidoscopy

2. Biopsy

3. Imaging Tests

4. Blood Tests:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC)
• Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)

Prevention and Early Detection

1. Screening: Regular screening is one of the most effective ways to detect colorectal cancer early. Guidelines typically recommend starting at age 45 for those at average risk.

2. Lifestyle Changes:

• Diet
• Exercise
• Avoiding Tobacco and Excessive Alcohol

3. Genetic Testing